A CFD Model for Fluid Dynamics in a Gas-fluidised Bed

A modified particle bed model derived from the two-fluid momentum balance equations was employed to predict the gas-fluidised bed behaviour. Additional terms are included in both the fluid and the particle mo-mentum balance equations to take into account the effect of the dispersed solid phase. This model has been extended to two-dimensional formulations and has been implemented in the commercial code CFX 4.3. The model correctly simulates the homogeneous fluidisation of Geldart Group A and the bubbling fluidisation of Geldart Group B in gas-solid fluidised beds.     

缓释药物——患者的福音

在过去的几年里,利用化学方法控制环境的措施已经显著增多,并且对我们改善生活质量意义重大。现在,人们已经对滥用药物和农药提出谴责。然而,可控释放技术的采用就可以安全和有效地进行避免。本文简单介绍了可控释放技术在医疗和农业中的应用及其原理,并阐述了缓释药物美好的前景。     

生物质洁净能源研究中的流化床动力学模型

分别对最小流化床、鼓泡流化床和腾涌流化床及相应的全混模型、鼓泡模型、气泡汇集模型等加以综述,分析其优缺点,并在此基础上提出动力学模拟研究的新思路.根据流化床内在的本质--流化态的不同,将流化床分为最小流化床、鼓泡流化床和腾涌流化床三种.总结了前人针对各种流化床提出的全混模型、鼓泡模型、气泡汇集模型等思想,建议今后可以在以下几个方面进行深入研究: ⑴使得模型更有普适性.⑵由于气泡有效直径尚不能在理论上求得,可以在理想气泡直径变化公式的基础上,加入非线性化学的计算.⑶确定不同情况下的参数,使得工作更有延续性,也使得模型更加具有生命力.⑷从高压的角度去进行模型的计算,并得到相应的试验数据支持.     

非驻定过滤燃烧的均相模拟

基于一维层流反应流模型,构建了新的准稳态均相模型,并对堆积床内充分发展后的低速过滤贫燃过程进行数值模拟.将计算结果与传统双相模型进行比较,分析弥散效应和化学反应机理等对计算结果的影响,并开展输运项分析;将均相模型的数值结果与准稳态和瞬态的理论结果进行比较,验证理论方法.     

纳米硫化锌的制备及光谱分析

采用超重力反应结晶法制备了纳米硫化锌粒子,并通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)对纳米硫化锌的形貌、结构、组成和光谱性能进行了细致分析。结果表明：超重力反应结晶法制备的纳米硫化锌粒子为球形,平均粒径为42 nm;XRD图谱表明纳米硫化锌呈现较好的闪锌矿晶型; XPS能谱表明纳米硫化锌的S(2p)的电子结合能为162.6 eV,Zn的2p_3/2,2p_1/2的电子结合能分别为1021.4, 1044.6eV。红外光谱研究表明纳米硫化锌在400～4 000cm-1范围内具有良好的红外透过率。紫外-可见光谱研究发现纳米硫化锌在200～340nm的紫外区域有较强的吸收,其禁带宽度为3.57eV。EDX能谱表明该法制备的纳米硫化锌具有较高的纯度。     

炭质泥岩泥化夹层的流变特性及长期强度

通过分析炭质泥岩泥化夹层的直剪流变实验成果,表明炭质泥岩泥化夹层的法向应力和剪应力为线性关系,存在统一的蠕变加速阶段来临时的极限应变量。基于老化理论,建立了适合弱层流变特性的流变力学模型,该模型可以描述初始蠕变、等速蠕变和加速蠕变三个阶段过程。依据蠕变加速阶段来临时的极限应变量得到了长期强度方程,从而为边坡变形分析和滑坡中长期预报提供了可靠的依据。     

不同惰性填料复极性固定床电解槽处理对硝基酚钠废水行为比较

分别以磺化煤、果壳、PVC塑料、回收旧塑料等4种密度与活性炭相当的惰性填料替代工程上广泛使用的石英砂,结合适当的反冲洗解决复极性固定床电解槽(BPBC,b ipolar packed bed cell)存在的电极污染及填料分层问题.并以含有对硝基酚钠的废水降解实验考察其应用的可行性.结果表明,以回收旧塑料及磺化煤作为填料的BPBC处理效果优于石英砂的,而果壳、PVC塑料的与石英砂的处理效果相当.反冲洗后,以磺化煤、果壳、PVC塑料和回收旧塑料作填料的电解槽再生率均大于石英砂的.     

A Novel Production Route for Nylon-6:. Aspects of Catalysis and Process Development

Summary: A novel production route for nylon-6 out of 6-aminocapronitrile has been investigated. Hydrolysis of 6-aminocapronitrile using a solid porous ZrO₂ catalyst is the key step in this novel route. Nylon-6 with a number average molecular weight of 10 · 10³ g · mol⁻¹ can be produced from the hydrolyzed 6-aminocapronitrile. The reactor set up for the polycondensation can in broad outline be the same as the continuously operated reactor used for the ε-caprolactam based production of nylon-6. For the hydrolysis of 6-aminocapronitrile a number of parallel batchwise operated loop reactors is recommended. A fixed bed of catalyst particles is part of each recirculation loop. Intraparticle mass transport limitation can be avoided by using catalyst particles made of a shell of active ZrO₂ and a massive inert core. An annual production of 50 · 10⁶ kg nylon-6 demands for 5.3 m³ zirconia.     

Numerical simulations of high pressure carbon dioxide fluid fluidized beds

Hydrodynamics of carbon dioxide fluid-particle mixtures are predicted using a low density ratio-based kinetic theory of granular flow in high pressure carbon dioxide fluid fluidized beds. A coexistence of particle waves and particle aggregates exists along bed height. The threshold to identify the occurrence of particle aggregates is suggested based on standard deviation of solid volume fractions in aggregative fluidization. The existence time fractions and frequencies of particle aggregates are predicted along axial direction. The effect of carbon dioxide fluid temperature and pressure on volume fraction and velocity distributions are analyzed at different inlet carbon dioxide velocities and particle densities in high pressure carbon dioxide fluidized beds. Simulated results indicate that the carbon dioxide-particles fluidization transits from particulate to aggregative states with the increase of inlet carbon dioxide velocities. The computed fluid volume fractions and heterogeneity indexes are close to the measurements in a high pressure carbon dioxide fluidized bed.